Afar Region, Ethiopia — The Hayli Gubbi Volcano, located in the Horn of Africa, erupted suddenly on Sunday morning after remaining dormant for nearly 12,000 years. A massive volcanic ash plume rose high into the atmosphere and drifted across the Red Sea, moving toward Yemen and Oman. Due to its potential movement toward India, the DGCA has issued an advisory to all Indian airlines.
Details of the Incident
The eruption began on Sunday, November 23, 2025.
The volcanic ash plume reached an altitude of 25,000 to 45,000 feet (about 7.6 km to 13.7 km).
The nearby Afdera village has been completely covered in ash.
A local resident described the moment as: “It felt like a huge bomb suddenly exploded.”So far, no official reports of human or livestock casualties have been confirmed.
Shepherd communities are concerned about economic losses due to the impact on grazing lands.
Scientific Background
Hayli Gubbi was previously considered inactive, with no recorded eruptions during the Holocene era (nearly 12,000 years).
It lies within the Afar Rift Volcanic Province, a region known for tectonic plate divergence and frequent volcanic activity.
Satellite observations and volcanometric data have confirmed the eruption.
Impact and Preparedness in India
Considering the ash plume’s altitude and direction, India has increased aviation vigilance.
The DGCA has instructed airlines to avoid routes and altitudes where volcanic ash may pose a risk.
The Prime Minister’s Office and the India Meteorological Department are closely monitoring the situation to evaluate the need for further adjustments to domestic and international flights.
Possible Upcoming Challenges
If the ash cloud continues moving toward India, the following impacts may occur:
1. Aviation Disruptions
Volcanic ash entering jet engines can cause severe technical failures.
2. Air Quality Deterioration
Northern regions such as Delhi-NCR, Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan may experience increased respiratory health risks due to ash particles in the air.
3. Weather and Climate Effects
Suspended ash particles can block sunlight, potentially altering temperature and weather patterns.
Authorities have been urged to maintain high alertness.
Conclusion
The sudden activation of a volcano dormant for thousands of years is a significant geological warning. Its effects are not limited to Ethiopia — the eruption may influence international aviation and air quality, including in India. Therefore, it is crucial to stay updated with official advisories and monitoring reports.
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